MongoDB Tips

一些常会用的到 mongo 的操作

使用 docker 启动

➜ docker run --name mymongo -d  -p 27017:27017 -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=mongoadmin -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret mongo:3.6.17

登录

➜ mongo --username mongoadmin --password secret

列出所有的 database

> show dbs

列出所有的 user

> db.getUsers()

创建某个库的用户

1. 需要先切换到对应的 db

> use somedb

2. 在这个 db 下创建一个用户

> db.createUser({user:"myadmin",pwd:"nicetomeetyou",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"somedb"}]})
Successfully added user: {
 "user" : "myadmin",
 "roles" : [
  {
   "role" : "readWrite",
   "db" : "somedb"
  }
 ]
}

3. 给这个 db 授权

> db.auth("myadmin","nicetomeetyou")

4. 登录此用户

$: mongosh -u myadmin -p nicetomeetyou --authenticationDatabase somedb

管理索引

1. 查看某个 collection 所有的索引

> db.users.getIndexes()
[
 {
  "v" : 2,
  "key" : {
   "_id" : 1
  },
  "name" : "_id_",
  "ns" : "yourbiz.users"
 },
 {
  "v" : 2,
  "unique" : true,
  "key" : {
   "phone" : 1
  },
  "name" : "phone_1",
  "ns" : "yourbiz.users",
  "background" : true
 },
 {
  "v" : 2,
  "unique" : true,
  "key" : {
   "outId" : 1
  },
  "name" : "outId_1",
  "ns" : "yourbiz.users",
  "background" : true
 }
]
>

2. 删除某个索引

> db.users.dropIndex('phone_1')
{ "nIndexesWas" : 4, "ok" : 1 }

3. 备份某个库

$> mongodump --uri="mongodb://root:example@127.0.0.1:27017/somdb?authSource=admin&readPreference=primary&appname=MongoDB%20Compass&ssl=false"

4. 恢复某个库

$> mongorestore --uri="mongodb://root:example@127.0.0.1:27017/somdb?authSource=admin&readPreference=primary&appname=MongoDB%20Compass&ssl=false"

$> mongorestore -u ${Username} --drop --authenticationDatabase ${someDB} ${fileLocation}

5. 设置密码 默认安装了 mongodb 之后密码为空，直接在本地mongo --port=21017即可登录，若想设置密码，则需要先登录上，并使用以下命令设置用户名和密码：

> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({user:"myAdmin",pwd:"passwordYOuWant",roles:[{role:"userAdminAnyDatabase",db:"admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
 "user" : "myAdmin",
 "roles" : [
  {
   "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
   "db" : "admin"
  }
 ]
}
>
> db.auth("myAdmin","passwordYOuWant")
1

然后在配置文件中打开安全设置 ：

security:
  authorization: enabled

6. 添加权限到数据库

db.grantRolesToUser('myaccount',[{role:'readWrite',db:'somedb'}])